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Deepfake Technology and Future of Nigeria’s Democracy

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By Joel Popoola

In 2018 Nigeria suffered international embarrassment when President Buhari was forced to deny online claims that he had died and been replaced with a clone.

In 2021 the claims might not be so farfetched.

A week or so ago, some videos showing Hollywood actor, Tom Cruise, performing magic tricks and telling bad jokes went viral around the world.

The videos were quickly proven to be fake – computer-generated images known as deepfakes, which make people appear to say or do things they never said or did, but only after the videos had been watched and shared online by tens of millions of people.

Fake footage of Tom Cruise is harmless enough – at least when all the Top Gun star is doing is cracking jokes – but what if it had been President Buhari? And what if he had been instructing Nigerians to do something dangerous, deadly or destructive?

Would people have obeyed the fake President?

In the United Kingdom, one major broadcaster has highlighted the potential danger of deepfakes by using a deepfake Queen to deliver an alternative Christmas message warning of the dangers of online misinformation. The actor who provided the voice of the Queen was quoted as saying: “As an actress it is thrilling, but it is also terrifying if you consider how this could be used in other contexts.”

As it becomes easier and less detectable for people to manipulate images of their political opponents using deepfake technology, how can we trust anything our leaders say to us?

What hope is there for our democracy if election candidates can convincingly create footage of their opponents saying something damaging, offensive or ridiculous and have that footage shared infinitely before the truth comes out?

The reality of the impact deepfakes could have on our democracy could be a little more subtle – but no less dangerous.

Consider another recent example of an online video being shared around the world.

Perhaps you have seen the story of the young woman leading an outdoor exercise class in Myanmar, who appeared to have inadvertently filmed the military coup happening behind her.

Within days people had “proven” that that film was no less fake than the footage of Tom Cruise.
And they were wrong.

And that is the real deepfake danger. Not just that people start to believe things which are not true, but that they refuse to believe things which are.

In Nigeria, the democratisation of information has allowed the international exposure of official wrongdoing – not least during the #EndSARS protests.

But what if it becomes easy – and believable – for authoritarian regimes to plausibly deny the reality of the most incriminating evidence. The next time official wrong-doing is caught on camera, it is all too easy to see wrongdoers claiming that the footage was manipulated or deepfake. And all too-easy for people to believe them.
If you cannot believe anything, you will end up believing nothing. And where does that leave our democracy?

So what is to be done?

The first step has to be opening verifiable and proven channels of communication between electors and elected.

At the digital democracy campaign I lead, we have created a free smartphone app called Rate Your Leader to do just that.

The app directly connects public figures we have verified are who they say they are to verified voters they serve. This allows a direct person-to-person exchange of information between people who are definitely who they say they are. This allows voters to be sure they can trust the information they are receiving, even if they don’t like it.
Information which comes unfiltered from our political leaders and institutions using apps like Rate Your Leader, and delivered in the spirit of transparency and accountability, carries the watermark of credibility that can act as a firewall against the most convincing of online misinformation.

Rate Your Leader also allows users to rate information they receive from their leaders, and public endorsement of such sources of information in turn creates a virtuous circle of improved trust in those leaders and institutions, and wider democratic engagement.

At this stage, the most insidious and damaging digital misinformation continues to be half-truths innocently spread in the family groupchat. But in the deepfake era that might be about to change – and Nigeria must prepare for a future where seeing no longer is believing.

Joel Popoola is a Nigerian tech entrepreneur, digital democracy campaigner and creator of the Rate Your Leader app. Follow Joel on Twitter @JOPopoola

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ADC Won’t Allow Itself to Be Rigged Out – David Mark

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National Chairman of the African Democratic Congress (ADC), Davis Mark, has said the party will adhere to electoral rules during the 2027 elections but will resist any attempt to manipulate the process.

Mark spoke on Wednesday in Abuja when the governing council of the Savannah Centre for Diplomacy, Democracy and Development, led by Olukayode Ariwoola, former chief justice of Nigeria, visited him at the ADC headquarters.

“We hold ourselves to the highest standards of good conduct as a political party. We will play by the rules,” Mark said.

“But we will not accept rigging or allow ourselves to be rigged out. We are committed to playing politics in a manner that promotes public confidence in democracy.”

The centre’s governing council, known as the council of the wise, was reconstituted in June to engage relevant institutions and political stakeholders towards fostering peaceful, free and credible elections.

The meeting with the ADC chairman was part of the centre’s ongoing engagement with political parties ahead of the elections.

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2027: Presidency Banks on Govs’ Backing to Return Tinubu

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The Presidency has expressed confidence that the growing number of governors backing President Bola Tinubu gives him a stronger political structure and an advantage over opposition candidates ahead of the 2027 presidential election.

The Special Adviser to the President on Policy Communication, Daniel Bwala, said this on Channels Television’s Politics Today, arguing that the political landscape has changed considerably since the 2023 election.

Bwala said the support of governors is significant because they control political structures in their respective states and could translate their backing for Tinubu into grassroots mobilisation ahead of the election.

“Since then, President Bola Tinubu has got how many governors on his side? The governors are the Chief Executive Officers of their respective states. They coordinate the structures of the State. These people say, ‘We are putting our goodwill, our resources, our structure, and our support to the President,’” he said.

He argued that the President’s political position has also been strengthened by people who have benefited from his administration’s policies, including beneficiaries of the Nigerian Education Loan Fund (NELFund), agricultural programmes, manufacturing incentives, CrediCorp and infrastructure projects.

Bwala said the developments constitute “facts, verifiable data” which, in his view, showed that Tinubu had made progress since assuming office in 2023.

He also dismissed suggestions that the administration’s confidence ahead of 2027 is based solely on divisions within the opposition, saying its record in office would form an important part of its campaign.

His comments came amid renewed debate over Tinubu’s popularity and the ability of the opposition to challenge his bid for a second term.

Bwala dismissed an assessment by The Economist that Nigerians may re-elect Tinubu despite disapproval of his administration, arguing that claims about the President’s popularity should be backed by representative opinion surveys.

“When you make a claim that Nigerians don’t like him, without saying, also, that there are a lot of people… one million families that the children have benefited from NELFund, you think they hate him?” he asked.

He similarly cited beneficiaries of agricultural interventions, support for manufacturers and CrediCorp, arguing that such groups should be considered when assessing public sentiment towards the administration.

On concerns over rising poverty and hunger, Bwala acknowledged that more Nigerians had fallen into poverty but attributed the hardship partly to the economic reforms undertaken by the Tinubu administration.

“More people went down to poverty, I acknowledge, I’m not doubting it. But there is a ‘but’ to it. Since when the reform started to today, we have made marked progress,” he insisted.

According to him, the reforms are necessary to address longstanding economic problems, despite the short-term discomfort experienced by Nigerians.

Bwala also defended Tinubu’s statement that Nigeria has moved from the “doldrums” towards prosperity, saying the President is not suggesting that Nigerians would suddenly begin experiencing prosperity from October 1.

He cited NELFund beneficiaries, subsidised healthcare, infrastructure projects and support for small and medium-sized businesses as examples of what he described as prosperity already reaching Nigerians.

“One million families whose children have benefited from the NELFUND programme, what they are benefiting is called prosperity,” he said.

“If you go to an environment or a place where there have been no roads or any form of infrastructure, and we have established infrastructure there, what has come to them is prosperity.”

Bwala further claimed that the opposition has lost several influential political figures who played key roles in their 2023 campaigns.

He said former Vice President Atiku Abubakar no longer has the support of governors who worked for his 2023 campaign, while Peter Obi has also lost some critical political allies.

“In terms of the other candidates who say he will not win, Atiku Abubakar lost close to 25 per cent of key people that you know around him. All the governors that worked for him that time are no longer with him,” Bwala said.

“Peter Obi lost 55 per cent of the critical people that carried his campaign; they’ve all disappeared. And some of them went to Atiku, some of them went wherever they could go to.”

He consequently expressed confidence in Tinubu’s prospects in the 2027 contest, saying the political support around the President was considerably different from what existed before the 2023 election.

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Globacom Unveils Sponsorship of 2026 Ofala Festival, Promises ‘Never Settle for Less’ Celebration

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Globacom has once again demonstrated its commitment to Nigeria’s rich cultural heritage by supporting the 2026 Ofala Festival in Onitsha as the official sponsor.

The partnership, which has continued for over 15 years, highlights Globacom’s dedication to celebrating and sustaining cultural traditions that preserve identity, strengthen communities and contribute to the nation’s social and cultural development.

The 2026 edition, which marks the 25th Ofala of the reign of the Obi of Onitsha, Igwe Nnaemeka Alfred Achebe, is themed “Igba Mbo, Iga N’Iru – Strive and Advance: From Resilience to Progress.” The theme resonates strongly with the history and character of Ndi Onicha, whose story is one of resilience, enterprise, adaptability and an enduring determination to advance.

According to Globacom, its continued association with Ofala reflects the Company’s belief that cultural heritage and national development are complementary forces. “For Globacom, Ofala is more than an annual cultural celebration. It is a living expression of identity, continuity and collective aspiration. Our sustained partnership reflects our belief that preserving heritage and advancing society are not competing imperatives, but mutually reinforcing pillars of a progressive nation,” the Company stated.

The telecommunications giant added that the partnership also aligns with its “Never Settle for Less” philosophy, which encourages Nigerians to honour their foundations while continually pursuing greater possibilities. “Never Settle for Less is a philosophy of progress: to respect the foundations upon which we stand, while seeking to broaden possibilities, deepen impact and move the nation forward. We are proud to support a cultural institution that honours its roots while engaging the future,” Globacom said.

Over the years, Ofala has evolved from a sacred royal rite of renewal into a major platform for cultural affirmation, community engagement and social development. The 2026 programme features the Obi’s sacred period of seclusion and ceremonial emergence, the Medical, Health and Wellbeing Community Outreach, the international Oreze Art Exhibition, the Youth Carnival, and the grand finale of Iru Ofala and Azu Ofala.

For Globacom, supporting Ofala therefore goes beyond conventional sponsorship to represent corporate citizenship and cultural stewardship — an investment in preserving the memory, meaning and continuity of a people. The Company noted that the festival’s ability to draw strength from its ancestral foundations while embracing the future mirrors its own commitment to innovation, connectivity and digital inclusion.

As the people of Onitsha gather to celebrate another chapter in the history of the revered institution, Globacom remains proud to stand alongside them in honouring a heritage that continues to inspire generations.

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